If the software was deployed via a volume license installer, the embedded key resides inside a configuration file on the installation media:
Unlike consumer software, enterprise-grade SQL Server keys are typically embedded in the installation media provided through the Microsoft Volume Licensing Service Center (VLSC) or a Visual Studio Subscription. Understanding Enterprise Edition Licensing Models i--- Sql Server 2012 Enterprise Edition Product Key
Is your priority or upgrading to a modern version ? If the software was deployed via a volume
A SQL Server 2012 product key is a specific formatted into five distinct five-character blocks: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX For Enterprise, the cost could be substantial
The initial 2012 release saw a significant price hike, with resellers claiming an average increase of 20% for the Enterprise edition. For Enterprise, the cost could be substantial. For example, a 100-user scenario with an Enterprise Edition under core-based licensing could potentially cost upwards of $15,000 per core, plus additional CALs. A specific retail license for SQL Server 2012 Enterprise with a 32-core license was available for around $830.
If you are in need of a product key for SQL Server 2012 Enterprise Edition, I recommend exploring the following options: