Analyzes aspects, voice (active vs. passive), and modal verbs.

1. Introduction: a discourse perspective on grammar 2. Words and word classes 3. Introduction to phrases and clauses 4. Nouns, pronouns, and the simple noun phrase 5. Verbs 6. Variation in the verb phrase: tense, aspect, voice, and modal use 7. Adjectives and adverbs 8. Exploring the grammar of the clause 9. Complex noun phrases 10. Verb and adjective complement clauses 11. Adverbials 12. Word order choices 13. The grammar of conversation